Схемы реле времени и задержки выключения нагрузки

Принципиальные схемы реле задержки времени, автоматических включателей и выключателей нагрузки 220В с заданым интервалом времени. Схемы просты в сборке и построены на основе микросхемы LM555.

Реле времени для автоматического отключения нагрузки

Иногда бывает необходимо выключить приемник или лампу подсветки через определенный интервал времени. Эту задачу может решить схема, приведенная на рис. 1.

Рис. 1. Схема таймера для автоматического отключения нагрузки.

При указанных на схеме номиналах времязадающих элементов задержка отключения составит около 40 минут (для микромощных таймеров это время может быть значительно увеличено, так как они позволяют R2 установить с большим номиналом).

В ждущем режиме устройство не потребляет энергии, так как при этом транзисторы VT1 и VT2 заперты. Включение производится кнопкой SB1 — при ее нажатии открывается транзистор VT2 и подает питание на микросхему. На выходе 3 таймера при этом появляется напряжение, которое открывает транзисторный ключ VT1 и подает напряжение в нагрузку, например на лампу BL1.

Кнопка блокируется, и схема будет находиться в таком состоянии, пока заряжается конденсатор С2, после чего отключит нагрузку. Резистор R3 ограничивает ток разряда емкости времязадающего конденсатора, что повышает надежность работы устройства. Для получения больших интервалов задержки конденсатор С2 необходимо применять с малым током утечки, например танталовый из серии К52-18.

Таймер с увеличенным временным интервалом

Схема устройства аналогичного назначения показана на рис. 2. Она позволяет дискретно изменять время задержки отключения нагрузки от 5 до 30 мин (с шагом 5 мин) при помощи переключателя SA1. Благодаря использованию микромощного таймера, обладающего большим входным сопротивлением, имеется возможность использовать времязадающие резисторы значительно больших номиналов (от 8,2 до 49,2 МОм), что позволяет увеличить и временной интервал: Т= 1,1 * С2 * (R1 + … + Rn).

Рис. 2. Схема таймера с увеличенным временным интервалом для отключения нагрузки.

Схемы реле времени на симисторах

Схемы, позволяющие непосредственно (без реле) управлять отключением сетевой нагрузки, приведены на рис. 3 и 4. В них в качестве коммутатора использован симистор. По сравнению с оригиналом, в приведенных здесь вариантах некоторые номиналы изменены для работы устройств от сетевого напряжения 220 В.

В схеме на рис. 3 включение нагрузки происходит сразу при замыкании контактов SA1, а выключение с задержкой, определяемой номиналами R2-C2 (для указанных на схеме она составляет 11 секунд). Цепь R1-C1 обеспечивает запуск одновибратора при включении.

Рис. 3. Бестрансформаторная схема управления сетевой нагрузкой.

 

Рис. 4. Вариант схемы для автоматического отключения сетевой нагрузки.

Во второй схеме (рис. 4) включение нагрузки будет при первоначальном подключении к сети или при нажатии на кнопку SB1. Для питания микросхемы использовано реактивное сопротивление, которым является конденсатор С1 (он не греется, что лучше по сравнению с гасящим напряжение активным сопротивлением, как это сделано в предыдущей схеме).

Стабилитрон VD1 обеспечивает стабильное напряжение питания микросхемы, а диод VD3 позволяет уменьшить время готовности схемы для частого нажатия на кнопку. Время задержки выключения может регулироваться резистором R3 от 0 до 8,5 мин. Времязадающий конденсатор C3 обязательно должен иметь маленькую утечку.

Литература: Радиолюбителям: полезные схемы, Книга 5. Шелестов И.П.

90000 Simple Delay Timer Circuits Explained 90001 90002 In this post we discuss the making of simple delay timers using very ordinary components like transistors, capacitors and diodes. All these circuits will produce delay ON or delay OFF time intervals at the output for a predetermined period, from a few seconds to many minutes. All the designs are fully adjustable. 90003 90004 Importance of Delay Timers 90005 90002 In many electronic circuit applications a delay of a few seconds or minutes becomes a crucial requirement for ensuring correct operation of the circuit.Without the specified delay the circuit could malfunction or even get damaged. 90003 90002 Let’s analyze the various configurations in details. 90003 90010 90002 You may also want to read about IC 555 based delay timers. Recommended for you! 90003 90010 90004 Using a Single Transistor and Push Button 90005 90002 The first circuit diagram shows how a transistors and a few other passive components may be connected for acquiring the intended delay timing outputs. 90003 90002 The transistor has been provided with the usual base resistor for the current limiting functions.90003 90002 A LED which is used here just indication purposes behaves like the collector load of the circuit. 90003 90002 A capacitor, which is the crucial part of the circuit gets the specific position in the circuit, we can see that it’s been placed at the other end of the base resistor and not directly to the base of the transistor. 90003 90002 A push button is used to initiate the circuit. 90003 90002 On depressing the button momentarily, a positive voltage from the supply line enters the base resistor and switches ON the transistor and subsequently the LED.90003 90002 However in the course of the above action, the capacitor also gets charged fully. 90003 90002 On releasing the push button, though the power to the base gets disconnected, the transistor continues to conduct with the aid of the stored energy in the capacitor which now starts discharging its stored charge via the transistor. 90003 90002 The LED also stays switched ON until the capacitor gets fully discharged. 90003 90002 Te value of the capacitor determines the time delay or for how long the transistor stays in the conducting mode.90003 90002 Along with the capacitor, the value of the base resistor also plays an important role in determining the timing for which the transistor remains switched ON after the push button is released. 90003 90002 However the circuit using just one transistor will be able to produce time delays which may range only for a few seconds. 90003 90002 By adding one more transistor stage (next figure) the above time delay range can be increased significantly. 90003 90002 The addition of another transistor stage increases the sensitivity of the circuit, which enables the use of larger values ​​of the timing resistor thereby enhancing the time delay range of the circuit.90003 90002 PCB Design 90003 90002 90047 Video Demonstration 90048 90003 90002 https://youtu.be/iwlGt2cOTVY 90003 90052 Using a Triac: 90053 90002 The following image shows how the above delay timer circuit may be integrated with a triac and used for toggling a mains AC operated load 90003 90052 90053 90002 90047 The above could be further modified with a self contained power transformerless power supply as shown below: 90048 90003 90052 Without a Push-Button 90053 90002 If the above design is intended to be used without a push button , the same may be implemented as indicated in the following diagram: 90003 90002 The following circuit shows how the associated push button may be rendered inactive as soon as it’s pressed and while the delay timer is in the activated state.90003 90002 During this time any further pressing of the push button has no impact on the timer as long as the output is active or until the timer has finished its delay operation. 90003 90052 90053 90052 Two Step Sequential Timer 90053 90002 The above circuit can be modified to produce a two step sequential delay generator. This circuit was requested by one of the avid readers of this blog, Mr.Marco. 90003 90002 A simple delay OFF alarm circuit is shown in the following diagram. 90003 90002 The circuit was requested by Dmats.90003 90002 The following circuit was requested by Fastshack3 90003 90082 Delay Timer with Relay 90083 90002 «I am looking to build a circuit that would control an output relay. This would be done in 12V and the sequence will be initiated by a manual switch. 90003 90002 I will need an adjustable time delay (possibly displayed time) after the switch is released, then the output would go on for an adjustable time (also possibly displayed) before shutting off. 90003 90002 The sequence would not restart until the button was pressed and released again.90003 90002 The time after the button release would be from 250 milliseconds to 5 seconds. The «on» time for the output to turn on the relay would be from 500 milliseconds to 30 seconds. Let me know if you can offer any insight. Thanks! «90003 90002 So far we have learned how to make simple delay OFF timers now let us see how we can build a simple delay ON timer circuit which allows the connected load at the output to be switched ON with some predetermined delay after power switch ON. 90003 90002 The explained circuit can be used for all applications which calls for an initial delay ON feature for the connected load after the mains power is switched ON.90003 90004 Delay ON Timer Circuit Working Details 90005 90002 The shown diagram is pretty straightforward yet provides the necessary actions very impressively, moreover the delay period is variable making the set up extremely useful for the proposed applications. 90003 90002 The functioning can be understood with the following points: 90003 90002 Assuming the load which requires the delay ON action being connected across the relay contacts, when power is switched ON, the 12V DC passes via R2 but is unable to reach the base of T1 because initially, C2 acts as a short across ground.90003 90002 The voltage thus passes through R2, gets dropped to relevant limits and starts charging C2. 90003 90002 Once C2 charges up to a level which develops a potential of 0.3 to 0.6V (+ zener voltage) at the base of T1, T1 is instantly switched ON, toggling T2, and the relay subsequently …. finally the load gets switched ON too. 90003 90002 The above process induces the required delay for switching ON the load. 90003 90002 The delay period may be set by appropriately selecting the values ​​of R2 and C2.90003 90002 R1 ensures that C2 quickly discharges through it so that the circuit attains the stand by position as soon as possible. 90003 90002 D3 blocks the charge from reaching the base of T1. 90003 90052 Parts List 90053 90002 R1 = 1o0K (Resistor for Discharging C2 when circuit is switched OFF)) 90119 R2 = 330K (Timing Resistor) 90119 R3 = 10K 90119 R4 = 10K 90119 D1 = 3V zener diode (Optional, could be replaced with a wire link) 90119 D2 = 1N4007 90119 D3 = 1N4148 90119 T1 = BC547 90119 T2 = BC557 90119 C2 = 33uF / 25V (Timing Capacitor) 90119 Relay = SPDT, 12V / 400 Ohms 90003 90082 PCB Design 90083 90082 Application Note 90083 90002 Let’s learn how the above delay ON timer circuit becomes applicable for solving the following presented issue by one of the keen followers of this blog, Mr.Nishant. 90003 90082 Circuit Problem: 90083 90002 Hello Sir, 90003 90002 I have a 1KVA automatic voltage stabilizer.It has one defect that when it is switched on, very high voltage is outputted for about 1.5s (therefore cfls and bulb got fused frequently) after that the voltage becomes OK. 90003 90002 I have opened the stabilizer it consist of an auto-transformer, 4 24V relay each relay connected to a separate circuit (each consisting of 90003 90002 10K preset, BC547, zener diode, BDX53BFP npn darlington pair transistor IC, 220uF / 63v capacitor , 100uF / 40V capacitor, 4 diodes and some resistors).90003 90002 These circuits are powered by a step down transformer and output of these circuit are taken across corresponding 100uF / 40V capacitor and fed to corresponding relay.What to do in order to tackle the problem.please help me.Hand drawn circuit diagram is attached . 90003 90082 Solving the Circuit Problem 90083 90002 The problem in the above circuit might be due to two reasons: one of the relays is switching ON momentarily connecting the wrong contacts with the output, or one of the responsible relays is settling down with the correct voltages a little while after power switch ON.90003 90002 Since there are more than one relay, tracing out the fault and correcting it can be a bit tedious …… the circuit of a delay ON timer explained in the above article could be actually very effective for the discussed purpose. 90003 90002 The connections are rather simple. 90003 90002 Using a 7812 IC, the delay timer can be powered from the existing 24V supply of the stabilizer. 90119 Next, the delay relay N / O contacts may be wired in series with the stabilizer output socket wiring.90003 90002 The above wiring would instantly take care of the issues as now the output would switch after some time during power witch ONs, allowing enough time for the internal relays to settle down with the correct voltages across their output contacts. 90003 90052 Feedback from Mr. Bill 90053 90002 Hi Swagatam, 90003 90002 I stumbled across your page doing research on the web to make my delay more consistent.Some back ground information first. 90003 90002 I am a bracket drag racer and launch the car on first sight of the 3rd amber bulb as the christmas tree is coming down.90003 90002 I use a transbrake switch that is depressed to lock the automatic transmission in forward and reverse at the same time. 90003 90002 This allows you to rev up the engine to build power for launch. When the button is released the transmission comes out of reverse and moves the car forward under high rpm. 90003 90002 This is like popping the clutch on a manual transmission car, anyway my car reacts to quickly and the result is a redlight, leaving to early, and you lose the race. 90003 90002 In dragracing your reaction time on the launch is everything and it is a game of hundreths-thousanths with the big boys, so I have put the transbrake switch on a relay and put a 1100uf cap combo across the relay to delay its release.90003 90002 Because of the car electronics I do not believe there is a precise voltage charging this cap every time I activate this circuit and precision is key so I bought a power stabilizer off of Ebay that takes 8-15 volts in and gives a consistent 12volts out. 90003 90002 This turned my season around but i believe this circuit could be made to be more precise and to vary the delay time in an easier way rather than swap cap combos. 90003 90002 Also should I run a diode in front of the relay, not currently because all that is there is the on off switch- where will the current go? I am not an electrical engineer by any means but do have some knowledge from trouble shooting high end audio for many years.90003 90002 Would love your thoughts- thankyou 90003 90002 Bill Korecky 90003 90052 Analyzing and Solving the Circuit 90053 90002 Hi Bill, 90003 90002 I have attached the schematic of an adjustable delay circuit, please check it out. You can use it for the mentioned purpose. 90003 90002 The 100K preset can used and adjusted for acquiring precise short delay periods as per your specifications. 90003 90002 However, please note that, the supply voltage will need to be minimum 11V, for the 12V relay to operate correctly, if this is not fulfilled then the circuit might malfunction.90003 90002 Regards. 90003 90004 Simple 5 to 20 Minute Delay Timer 90005 90002 The following section discusses a simple 5 to 20 minute delay timer circuit for a specific industrial application. 90003 90002 The idea was requested by Mr. Jonathan. 90003 90052 Technical Requirements 90053 90002 90208 While trying to figure out a solution to my problem on google, I came across your above posting. 90209 90003 90002 90208 I’m trying to figure out how to build a better Sous Vide controller.The main problem is that my water bath has a very high hysteresis, and when heating from colder temperatures will overshoot about 7 degrees from the temperature at which power is terminated. 90209 90003 90002 90208 It is also very well insulated, with a gap between the inner and outer vessel which makes it act like a thermos jar, because of this it takes a very long time to decline from any excess temperature. My PID controller has an SSR control output and a relay alarm output. 90209 90003 90002 90208 The alarm can be programmed as a below limit alarm with an offset from the set-point.I can use a five volt supply I already have for my circulation motor to run through the alarm relay and drive the same SSR the control output is driving. 90209 90003 90002 90208 To be on the safe side and protect the PID controller I’ll add a diode to both the alarm voltage and the control voltage to prevent one output from feeding back into the other. 90209 90003 90002 90208 I’ll then set the alarm to stay on until the temperature rises above the set-point minus 7 degrees. This will allow the PID tuning to be adjusted without having to account for the initial temperature ramp-up.90209 90003 90002 90208 Because I know that last few degrees will be achieved without any power input, I’d really like a way to delay any recognition of the control signal for about five minutes after the alarm shuts off, as it will still be calling for heat. 90209 90003 90002 90208 This is the part I’ve yet to figure out the circuitry for. I’m thinking of a normally closed relay in series with the control output, which is held open by the alarm signal. 90209 90003 90002 90208 When the alarm signal is terminated, I need a delay on the order of five minutes before the relay returns to its ‘off’ normally closed state.90209 90003 90002 90208 I would appreciate help with the delayed off portion of the relay circuit. I like the simplicity of the initial designs on the page, but I get the impression they would not handle anywhere near five minutes. 90209 90003 90002 90208 Thank you, 90209 90003 90002 90208 Jonathan Lundquist 90209 90003 90052 The Circuit Design 90053 90002 The following circuit design of a simple 5 to 20 minute delay timer circuit can be suitably applied for the above specified application.90003 90002 The circuit employs the IC4049 for the required NOT gates which are configured as voltage comparators. 90003 90002 The 5 gates in parallel form the sensing section and provides the required time delay trigger to the subsequent buffer and the relay driver stages. 90003 90002 The control input is acquired from the alarm output as indicated in the above description. This input becomes the switching voltage for the proposed timer circuit. 90003 90002 On receiving this trigger, the input of the 5 NOT gates are initially held at logic zero because the capacitor grounds the initial trigger via the 2m2 pot.90003 90002 Depending upon the 2m2 setting, the capacitor starts charging up and the moment the voltage across the capacitor reaches a recognizable value, the NOT gates revert their output to logic low, which is translated as a logic high at the output of the right single NOT gate. 90003 90002 This instantly triggers the connected transistor and the relay for the required delay output across the relay contacts. 90003 90002 The 2M2 pot may be adjusted for determining the required delays. 90003 90052 Circuit Diagram 90053 90082 About Swagatam 90083 90002 I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE), hobbyist, inventor, schematic / PCB designer, manufacturer.I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials. 90119 If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I’ll be most happy to help! 90003.90000 AC 110V 220V 12V Digital Time Delay Relay Dual LED Display Cycle Timer Control Switch Adjustable Timing Relay Time Delay Switch | | 90001 90002 90003 90004 90002 90006 Specifications: 90007 90004 90002 90004 90002 Model: Time Delay Relay 90004 90002 Timing range: 0-999s, 0-999m, 0-999h 90004 90002 Power supply voltage: AC 110V-220V 90004 90002 LED Display: Red + Blue Dual Display 90004 90002 Size: 79 x 26 x 43mm 90004 90002 Hole size: 72 x 40mm 90004 90002 90004 90002 90006 Instructions: 90007 90004 90002 90004 90002 1.After setting the data, you must wait 6 seconds, 6s post modules automatically save memory set data. 90004 90002 2.Press SET key once to enter the time setting mode, the red LED flashes, press the key to increase or decrease the setting time T1. 90004 90002 3.After setting time T1, short press the SET key again, the green LED flashes, and the time is set by pressing the key Time T2, T2 time setting is completed, press SET key again, the system will automatically save the memory setting time or wait for 6s, 6s module will automatically save the data memory. 90004 90002 4.Long press SET, enter parameter setting mode.There are two sets of parameters for the user to select P0, P1.Short press SET in the current mode to switch between P0 and P1. 90004 90002 5.In P0 parameter can be set by pressing the key to adjust their own timing mode.In the P1 parameter can be set by adding and subtracting keys work mode. 90004 90002 P0—0: T1 Timing mode is second. 90004 90002 P0-1: T1 timing mode is minutes. 90004 90002 P0—2: T1 Timing Time mode is hour. 90004 90002 P1—0: Delay T1 time, relay pull (T1 timer) 90004 90002 P1—1: Relay release after T1 time delay (T1 timer) 90004 90002 P1—2: Delay T1 time, relay pull (T1 timer), and then relay release after T2 time delay (T2 timing), then it is finished. 90004 90002 P1—3: Relay release after T1 time delay (T1 timer), then delay T2 time, relay pull (T2 timing), then it is finished. 90004 90002 P1—4: Delay T1 time, relay pull (T1 timer), and then relay release after T2 time delay (T2 timer), cycling. 90004 90002 P1—5: Relay release after T1 time delay (T1 timer), then delay T2 time, relay pull (T2 timer), cycling. 90004 90002 90004 90002 90006 Package Included: 90007 90004 90002 90004 90002 1 x Time Delay Relay Module 90004 90002 90070 90004 90002 90073 90004 90002 90076 90077 90078 90079 90080 90004.90000 h4Y 2 AC 220V Delay Timer Time Relay 0 5 SEC with Base | time relay | delay timerac 220v delay 90001 90002 1: Eerste ervoor dat uw adres correct 90003 2: Voordat teken voor het pakket, gelieve het pakket is gevuld met product 90004 90002 over ONS 90003 Beloven We: 90003 * fabricage alleen de beste consumptiegoederen en zorgen de hoogste kwaliteit mogelijk. 90003 * goederen leveren aan onze klanten over de wereld met snelheid en precisie 90004 90002 Klantenservice Beleid 90003 We zijn meer dan graag antwoord vragen dat u, neem contact met ons en we zullen ons best u snel mogelijk.90003 Scope van business: auto IC, digitale naar analoge circuit, enkele chip microcomputer, optische koppeling, opslag, drie-terminal spanningsregelaar, SCR, veld effect, schottky, relais, weerstanden condensatoren ,, licht buis, connectors, en andere een-stop ondersteunende diensten! 90003 1. WERELDWIJD VERZENDING. (Behalve sommige landen en APO / FPO) 90003 2. bestellingen worden na betaling verificatie. 90003 3. We alleen bevestigd om adressen. uw bestelling adres MOET uw verzendadres. 90003 4.getoonde afbeeldingen zijn niet de werkelijke item en zijn voor uw referentie. 90003 5. SERVICE TRANSIT is verstrekt door de drager en uitsluit weekends en feestdagen. kan transittijden variëren, vooral tijdens de feestdagen. 90003 6. Als u niet uw zending binnen 30 dagen betaling, gelieve ons. wij de zending en u zodra mogelijk met een antwoord. ons doel is klanttevredenheid! 90003 7. vanwege voorraad status en tijd verschillen, wij kiezen om uw punt van onze eerste beschikbare magazijn voor snelle levering.90004 90002 onze voordelen 90003 1: We zijn alle eigen voorraad, met voldoende aanbod 90003 2: De kwaliteit van de product bereikt een serie certificering 90003 3: We ondersteuning een verscheidenheid van transport, Hong Kong en de Chinese postpakketten, EMS. DHL federal. UPS en TNT, kan volledig aan de verschillende behoeften van de koper. 90004 90002 ik stevig geloven 90003 We zullen uw beste partner 90004 90002 90004 .90000 AC 110V 220V Cycle Time Dlay Relay DC 12V 24V LED Digital Display Time Control Switch Adjustable Timing Relay Time Delay Switch | | 90001 90002 90003 Specifications: 90004 90005 90002 90005 90002 Model: Time Delay Relay 90005 90002 Timing range: 0-999s, 0-999m, 0-999h 90005 90002 Power supply voltage: AC 110V-220V 90005 90002 LED Display: Red + Blue Dual Display 90005 90002 Size: 79 x 26 x 43mm 90005 90002 Hole size: 72 x 40mm 90005 90002 90005 90002 90003 Instructions: 90004 90005 90002 90005 90002 1.After setting the data, you must wait 6 seconds, 6s post modules automatically save memory set data. 90005 90002 2.Press SET key once to enter the time setting mode, the red LED flashes, press the key to increase or decrease the setting time T1. 90005 90002 3.After setting time T1, short press the SET key again, the green LED flashes, and the time is set by pressing the key Time T2, T2 time setting is completed, press SET key again, the system will automatically save the memory setting time or wait for 6s, 6s module will automatically save the data memory. 90005 90002 4.Long press SET, enter parameter setting mode.There are two sets of parameters for the user to select P0, P1.Short press SET in the current mode to switch between P0 and P1. 90005 90002 5.In P0 parameter can be set by pressing the key to adjust their own timing mode.In the P1 parameter can be set by adding and subtracting keys work mode. 90005 90002 P0—0: T1 Timing mode is second. 90005 90002 P0-1: T1 timing mode is minutes. 90005 90002 P0—2: T1 Timing Time mode is hour. 90005 90002 P1—0: Delay T1 time, relay pull (T1 timer) 90005 90002 P1—1: Relay release after T1 time delay (T1 timer) 90005 90002 P1—2: Delay T1 time, relay pull (T1 timer), and then relay release after T2 time delay (T2 timing), then it is finished. 90005 90002 P1—3: Relay release after T1 time delay (T1 timer), then delay T2 time, relay pull (T2 timing), then it is finished. 90005 90002 P1—4: Delay T1 time, relay pull (T1 timer), and then relay release after T2 time delay (T2 timer), cycling. 90005 90002 P1—5: Relay release after T1 time delay (T1 timer), then delay T2 time, relay pull (T2 timer), cycling. 90005 90002 90005 90002 90003 Package Included: 90004 90005 90002 90005 90002 1 x Time Delay Relay Module 90005 .