Запуск блока питания без использования компьютера

Поломки и неисправности в работе компьютера – это неотъемлемая часть процесса эксплуатации устройства. Поломки (повреждения) могут быть программными и аппаратными. Программные неполадки связаны непосредственно с ПО, аппаратные же подразумевают поломку физических компонентов компьютерной системы. Обе группы поломок требую немедленного и грамотного вмешательства специалиста.

 

Компьютерный блок питания (или Power Supply) – это второстепенный элемент компьютерной системы, который необходим для наполнения узлов компьютера энергетическим потоком постоянного тока. Объясняя простыми словами, Power Supply – это источник электрического питания компьютера.

Необходимость подключить PS без вспомогательных элементов возникает в подобных случаях:

 

• Необходимость диагностики работы устройства.
• В процессе ремонта.
• При использовании нескольких блоков питания в одном компьютерном корпусе.
• Диагностика работоспособности новых схем.

 

Блок питания. Общая информация. Стандартный запуск блока питания

 

Использование электрического блока питания способствует защите компьютера от частых перебоев напряжения электросети. Обязательный элемент, который прилагается к Power Supply – это вентилятор (другие названия: охладитель, куллер). Он выполняет постоянное охлаждение PS, защищает его от перегрева, который может привести к поломке.

 

Стандартный процесс включения Power Supply подразумевает нажатие на материнской плате кнопки «Пуск», которая активирует процесс питания блока. Существует распространённое мнение о том, что включить блок питания без материнской платы невозможно, ведь он не запускается без напряжения, но это всего лишь заблуждение.

Если при нажатии кнопки включения компьютера он не включается и никак не реагирует, то можно предположить, что, скорее всего, вышла из строя материнская плата или сломался Power Supply. Прежде чем покупать новые дорогостоящие комплектующие, следует продиагностировать работу существующих.

 

 

Как включить блок питания без компьютера

 

Чтобы включить блок питания без компьютера следует обращать внимания на таблицы расположений всех необходимых контактов на разъеме. Пины стандартного ATX блока представлены в нижеприведенной таблице:

 

Цвет	Сигнал	Контакт	Контакт	Сигнал	Цвет
Оранжевый	+3.3V	1	13	+3.3V	Оранжевый
				+3.3V sence	Коричневый
Оранжевый	+3.3V	2	14	-12 V	Синий
Чёрный	Земля	3	15	Земля	Чёрный
Красный	+5V	4	16	Power on	Зелёный
Чёрный	Земля	5	17	Земля	Чёрный
Красный	+5V	6	18	Земля	Чёрный
Чёрный	Земля	7	19	Земля	Чёрный
Серый	Power good	8	20	-5V	Белый
Фиолетовый	+5 VSB	9	21	+5V	Красный
Жёлтый	+12 V	10	22	+5V	Красный
Жёлтый	+12 V	11	23	+5V	Красный
Оранжевый	+3.3V	12	24	Земля	Чёрный

 

• Три затененных контакты (8, 13 и 16) – сигналы управления, а не питания.
• “Power On” подтягивается на резисторе до уровня +5 Вольт внутри блока питания, и должен быть низкого уровня для включения питания.
• “Power good” держится на низком уровне, пока на других выхода ещё не сформировано напряжение требуемого уровня.
• Провод “+3.3V sence” используется для дистанционного зондирования.

 

Прежде чем вы узнаете о том, как включить блок питания без компьютера следуйте таким советам: не запускайте БП, не подав хоть какой-нибудь нагрузки. Цепь, которая преобразует электричество может поломаться и тогда нужно будет заменять ATX блок. Такой ремонт может быть довольно дорогостоящим.

 

Как запустить блок питания без материнской платы:

 

1. Замкните контакт включения (Power On) в ноль. Практически во всех случаях он окрашен в зеленый цвет.
2. Замкните землю – любой контакт, окрашенный в черный цвет. Достаточно замкнуть всего один. Замкнутые контакты выглядят следующим образом:

3. Если вы используете таблицу пинов, то возьмите самую простую скрепку и прикоснитесь ею к контактам 15 и 16. Таким простым способом вы замкнете их. Приведенная выше таблица поможет вам сориентироваться в контактах БП ATX. После того как нужные контакты были замкнуты, Power Supply должен запуститься. Если этого не произошло, то можно замкнуть зеленый провод и другой черный.
4. Максимально старайтесь не перенагружать Power Supply. Подключите к нему, например, жесткий диск или дисковод.

 

Китайские производители блоков очень часто путают английские названия цветов gray (серый) и green (зеленый), поэтому зеленый провод может быть серым. В любом случае старайтесь ориентироваться по таблице.

 

Замена ATX блока и советы по ремонту

 

Замена ATX БП предполагается в случае поломки старого экземпляра или в том случае, когда были заменены составляющие элементы персонального компьютера: более мощные видеокарты, процессоры, материнские платы, большее количество оперативной памяти. В случае такой модернизации ПК, блок питания становится неспособным снабжать питание все составляющие ПК. Прежде всего нужно удалить существующий ATX элемент, установить новый и протестировать его работоспособность. Нужно лишь знать базовые понятия схемотехники и следовать нижеприведенной инструкции:

 

1. Необходимые подручные инструменты: стандартного размера крестовая отвёртка.
2. Необходимо обесточить персональный компьютер – этот процесс подразумевает выдергивание электрошнура из БП.
3. Следующим шагом нужно снять стенку системного блока, обычно она снимается с левой стороны корпуса путем откручивания нескольких винтиков.
4. Удалите всю скопившуюся пыль из составляющих компьютера кисточкой или пылесосом. Обратите внимание, что чистку компьютера от скопившейся пыли нужно проводить хотя бы раз в полгода. Только после полного очищения от пыли можно приступать к следующим шагам.

5. Отключите все провода, принадлежащие БП от других устройств. Обращайте внимание на возможное наличие специальных защелок в разъемах. Не выдергивайте присоединённые провода резко.
6. После отсоединения всех проводов открутите винтики, которые прикрепляют БП к системному БП компьютера. Таким образом, старый блок питания будет снят.
7. Чтобы присоединить новый БП повторите все действия с точностью до наоборот: закрепите его к системнику, аккуратно присоедините все его провода к нужным элементам, подключите к БП электрически шнур мощностью в 220 Вольт.

90000 Can your computer run without an operating system? 90001 90002 We all have our favorite operating system — some of us will only pick from the tree of Apple, while others prefer the Windows seat. It’s easy to assume that a computer without an operating system is as useful as a cup of coffee without the cup. But what does an operating system do, and can a computer still compute without it? 90003 90002 Let’s tackle the first question before we get into the nitty-gritty of a system-less computer.An 90005 operating system 90006 is basically the general contractor of the computer. While the programs are busy doing their one specialized thing — plumbing, electrical, carpentry — the operating system is overseeing them all, communicating what they need to the processor and providing a common language that they can all work with to stay on the same page. 90003 90002 There are a few other things your operating system does that you probably do not think about.For instance, it’s the operating system (not just the hard drive) that’s going to decide how to manage memory. The operating system needs to delegate how much memory each process uses and make sure no memory overlaps. Also keep in mind that your home computer is most likely a single-user, multitasking operating system. That means you only have one processor, but it can run many programs at once. 90003 90002 But here’s the kicker: it can not actually do that. 90003 90002 When you’re downloading files, working on a spreadsheet and listening to music, your computer just appears to be doing these things simultaneously.In reality, the computer is switching between processes at extremely high speeds — so high, you do not know it. While you’re under the illusion that your CPU and operating system have a hand in every pot, your programs are under the impression that they have complete control of the operating system at any given moment. 90003 90002 So really, your operating system is designed to let the CPU deal with one thing at a time. But because it’s a computer and not a harried secretary, it can multitask so fast that the user would not even know.90003 90002 Now that we know a few of the ways our operating system works for us, let’s get into what a computer without an operating system would look like. 90003 .90000 So, what does a computer without an OS look like? — Can your computer run without an operating system? 90001 90002 If an operating system does all the things we know it does, it seems downright impossible for a computer to exist without one. 90003 90002 In reality, the earliest computers did not have operating systems; they were huge machines tasked with one program at a time. For that reason, they did not really need operating systems. In fact, the earliest computers required a user to physically connect and disconnect wires from a plug board to retrieve computations.But if you do not have an operating system, can you make your computer do anything? 90003 90002 Yes. But you have a lot of work to do. Without an operating system using and enforcing a standard, systematic approach to running the computer, you’re put in the position of writing code (or programs) that must tell the computer exactly what to do. So if you want to type up a document in a word processing program, you’d have to create from scratch code that tells your computer to respond to each character pressed on your keyboard.Then you’d have to write a code that told the computer how those responses must translate to a screen. You’d have to tell your computer how to draw the character you want! Think of every single option or possibility your word processing program has. You’d have to write code for every single one of those directly onto your hard drive. 90003 90002 Let’s go back to our general contractor analogy. If we’re building a house, we’ll want it to have certain features like plumbing, electrical work and windows.In a computer, we also want features like a program that creates documents, one that accesses the Internet and one that stores our photos. Without an operating system, it’s not just that your «carpenter» does not know where to hammer in nails to a beam to get the room you want — it’s also that you have to forge the hammers, and you have to create the nails . 90003 90002 An operating system provides a uniform set of screws, lumber and any other material you need. It can go back and forth between rooms so fast you did not even know it left the one you were in.90003 90002 And that’s really important, because here’s another thing: Remember how we were talking about the operating system only being able to concentrate on one thing at a time? Well, without one, your computer could run one program. Period. You could create a document. You could save it. You could print it. But you could not look at that document and keep a clock running on your desktop. If you do not have an operating system, you’re stuck doing one — and only one — process at a time.90003 .90000 Why does my computer turn off without warning? 90001 90002 Updated: 06/30/2020 by Computer Hope 90003 Caution 90002 Some of the steps below require you to work inside your computer. Before opening your case, be aware of the dangers of ESD. 90003 90006 Heat-related issue 90007 90002 Most computers today are designed to turn off automatically if any of its inner components overheat. Often, heat-related issues occur when the computer is working hard, e.g., playing a graphically intense computer game or editing a video.90003 90002 Start by verifying the fan on the power supply is working by examining the back of the computer. The fan should be moving quickly and smoothly. All other fans in the computer require you to open the computer case to inspect them. Once inside your computer, examine the processor (heat sink), video card, and case fans. If any abnormal noises have come from your computer (e.g., high squealing sound or low grinding sound), it could indicate a malfunctioning fan. 90003 Note 90002 If your issues are on a laptop, we do not suggest opening the case.Instead, verify the fan on the side or bottom of the laptop is working and blowing out hot air. Also, with a laptop, you may want to invest in a cooler pad to help lower its running temperature. 90003 Tip 90002 Working on the interior of your machine provides an opportune time to clean the inside. Dust, dirt, hair, and other trapped debris can prevent proper air flow, leading to overheating. 90003 Tip 90002 Check the processor heat sink to make sure it is properly seated and has the correct amount of thermal compound.90003 Caution 90002 If you do remove the processor heat sink, the existing thermal compound should be cleaned off the processor and heat sink, and new thermal compound should be applied. 90003 90002 If the power supply fan is not working correctly or at all, and the power supply is very hot to the touch, replace the power supply. An overheating power supply, due to a malfunctioning fan, can cause a computer to shut off unexpectedly. Continuing to use the faulty power supply can result in damage to the computer and should be replaced immediately.90003 Tip 90002 If your BIOS monitors the RPM of the fans, enter the BIOS and make sure the BIOS does not report any errors. Software utilities, such as SpeedFan, can also be used to help monitor fans in your computer. 90003 90006 Hardware-related issues 90007 90002 Any failing hardware component in your computer could cause your computer to unexpectedly turn off without warning. If you have recently added any new hardware, remove it from the computer to make sure it’s not causing the problem.90003 90002 If you have not recently installed any new hardware into the computer, the next best solution is to systematically remove non-essential hardware. For example, remove your modem, network card, sound card, and any other expansion cards that are not needed for your computer to operate. Running the computer without these cards may help diagnose your issue. 90003 90006 Problem with UPS or surge protector 90007 90002 Make sure any surge protector or UPS (uninterruptible power supply) is not causing your problem by connecting the computer directly to the power outlet on the wall.Also, if you have a UPS that connects a USB cable to the computer to manage power saving features, make sure it is disconnected. 90003 90002 If this resolves your problem, you may have a defective surge protector or UPS. With a UPS, there may be other issues, such as a UPS overload or UPS software reporting a power situation that require a shut down. Make sure there are not too many devices connected to your UPS and that it has the latest software updates. 90003 90006 Computer virus 90007 90002 Your computer may be infected with a virus or other malware that is designed to shut down your computer upon certain conditions.If your computer seems to be turning off when executing a certain program at specific times of the day, it could be infected. 90003 90002 If you believe your computer may be infected with a virus, download a free scanner. If you already have one installed, make sure your virus scanner definitions are up-to-date, then run a full scan. 90003 90006 Issue with the operating system 90007 90002 If, after following each of the above recommendations, your computer continues to shut off, you may be experiencing a problem at the operating system level.To see if this is the case, try the steps below. 90003 90046 90047 Reboot the computer and enter BIOS setup as the computer is booting. 90048 90049 90050 90047 After you have loaded the computer in BIOS setup, let the computer sit. 90048 90049 90002 If the computer does not turn off after staying idle in BIOS, your operating system installation may be corrupt. We recommend you either restore Windows to a previous date when the computer was not shutting off automatically or erase everything and reinstall Microsoft Windows.90003 90006 Other failing hardware 90007 90002 If your computer turns off during (or after) installation of your operating system, other hardware is likely failing. Often, the hardware causing the issue is either the RAM, CPU, motherboard, power supply, or video card, in that order. 90003 90002 If you have extra parts or know someone with a similar configuration, you can swap each part to determine if it’s at fault. Otherwise, you need to have your computer serviced at a computer repair center.90003 .90000 My computer is running slow, what steps can I do to fix it? 90001 90002 Updated: 06/30/2020 by Computer Hope 90003 90002 Below are steps users can follow to help speed up a computer or determine why a computer is running slow. It should be noted that this page only covers an overall slow computer and not a computer that starts slow or has a slow Internet connection. To diagnose those issues, visit the following pages: 90003 90006 Reboot 90007 90002 If your computer has not been rebooted recently, make sure to reboot it before following any of the steps below.Rebooting the computer can fix many problems and is an easy first step. 90003 90006 Background programs 90007 90002 One of the most common reasons for a slow computer is programs running in the background. Remove or disable any TSRs and startup programs that automatically start each time the computer boots. 90003 Tip 90002 To see what programs are running in the background and how much memory and CPU they are using, open Task Manager. If you are running Windows 7 or higher, run Resmon to get a better understanding of how your computer resources are used.90003 90002 If you have an antivirus scanner on the computer, spyware protection program, or another security utility, make sure it’s not scanning your computer in the background. If a scan is in progress, it decreases the overall performance of your computer. If this is the case, allow the scan to complete, and the computer’s performance should improve. 90003 90006 Delete temp files 90007 90002 As a computer runs programs, temporary files are stored on the hard drive. Deleting these temp files can help improve computer performance.90003 90022 Windows computers 90023 90002 First, we suggest using the Windows Disk Cleanup utility to delete temporary files and other files no longer needed on the computer. 90003 90002 Unfortunately, the Disk Cleanup may not delete every file in the temp directory. Therefore, we also suggest deleting temporary files manually. 90003 90028 90029 Open the Start menu or and press the Windows key, then type 90030% temp% 90031 in the Search field. 90032 90033 Note 90002 In Windows XP and prior, click the 90035 Run 90036 option in the Start menu and enter 90030 90035% temp% 90036 90031 in the 90035 Run 90036 field.90003 90044 90029 Press 90030 Enter 90031 and a Temp folder should open. 90032 90029 You can delete all files found in this folder and, if any files are in use and can not be deleted, they can be skipped. 90032 90033 90006 Free hard drive space 90007 90002 Verify that there is at least 200-500MB of free hard drive space. This available space allows the computer to have room for the swap file to increase in size, as well as room for temporary files. 90003 90006 Bad, corrupted or fragmented hard drive 90007 90022 Check the hard drive for errors 90023 90002 On a Windows computer, run ScanDisk, chkdsk, or something equivalent to verify there is nothing physically wrong with the computer’s hard drive.90003 90002 On a macOS computer, access the 90030 Disk Utility 90031 program, and use the 90030 First Aid 90031 option to check the hard drive for errors. To open Disk Utility: 90003 90028 90029 Click the 90030 Launchpad 90031 icon on the dock. 90032 90029 Open the 90030 Other 90031 folder. 90032 90029 Click 90030 Disk Utility 90031 to open the program. 90032 90033 90022 Make sure hard drive is not fragmented 90023 90002 Run Defrag to help ensure that data is arranged in the best possible order.90003 90022 Test hard drive 90023 90002 Use other software tools to test the hard drive for any errors by looking at the SMART of the drive. 90003 90006 Scan for viruses 90007 90002 If your computer is infected with one or more viruses, it may run more slowly. If your computer does not have an antivirus program installed, run Trend Micro’s free Housecall online utility to scan and remove viruses on your computer. We also recommend you install an antivirus program for active protection against viruses.90003 90006 Scan for malware 90007 90002 Today, spyware and other malware is a big cause of many computer problems, including slower performance. Even if an antivirus scanner is installed on the computer, we recommend running a malware scan as well. Use the free version of Malwarebytes to scan your computer for malware. 90003 90006 Hardware conflicts 90007 90002 Verify that the Device Manager has no conflicts. If any exist, resolve these issues as they could be causing your problem. 90003 90006 Update the operating system 90007 90002 To update a computer running Microsoft Windows, run Windows Update.90003 90002 To update a macOS computer, run Software Update. To upgrade the operating system, use the App Store. 90003 90006 Disable browser plug-ins 90007 90002 If your computer runs especially slow when you’re using your web browser, considering disabling any browser plug-ins, add-ons, or extensions. 90003 90006 Update your drivers 90007 90002 Make sure you have the latest drivers for your computer hardware, especially the latest video drivers. Having out-of-date drivers can cause an assortment of issues, including slow performance.90003 90006 Reboot the computer again 90007 90002 After making any of the changes above, reboot your machine. 90003 90006 Run a registry cleaner 90007 Note 90002 If you have a Mac computer, skip this section, as there is no registry in macOS. 90003 90002 We usually do not recommend registry cleaners. However, if you followed all the steps above and your computer is still slow, try running a registry cleaner on the computer. 90003 90006 Memory upgrade 90007 90002 If you have had your computer for more than two years, you may need more memory.Today, we suggest computers have a minimum of 2 GB of memory (RAM) for a 32-bit system and 4 GB for a 64-bit system. By having enough memory for programs to run within memory, your computer does not need to swap information stored in memory to the swap file. If the hard drive light is continuously active, it’s an indication the computer is frequently swapping information between your memory and hard drive. 90003 90006 Hard drive upgrade 90007 90002 One of the biggest bottlenecks of a computer is the hard disk drive.Upgrading from a standard hard drive to a Solid State Drive (SSD) drastically improves the computer’s performance. 90003 90006 Computer or processor is overheating 90007 90002 Make sure your computer and processor is not overheating. Excessive heat can cause a decrease in the computer’s performance because most operating systems automatically reduce the speed of the processor to help compensate for heat-related issues. 90003 90002 Dust, dirt, and hair can also constrict proper airflow inside your computer, which causes a computer to overheat.Make sure your computer case is clean, and that the fans are not obstructed. 90003 90006 Increase or upgrade the processor speed 90007 90002 Increasing the speed of the processor (CPU) can help improve your computer’s performance. There are two options for increasing processor speed: overclocking or upgrading. 90003 90002 Overclocking a processor means increasing its speed beyond what it’s designed to run stably. While overclocking can increase the processor speed, the increase is often not very significant, resulting in maybe a 10% or 20% speed increase at most.Furthermore, the processor itself must be capable of being overclocked. You would need to find the specifications for the processor in your computer to determine if it can be overclocked. An overclocked processor generates more heat, thus requiring a more powerful heat sink and fan to pull the excess heat away from the processor. 90003 90002 A safer alternative to overclocking is upgrading the processor in your computer. You would need to get the specifications for your motherboard to determine what type of newer processor may be used in it.You can then install the new processor in place of the existing processor. 90003 90006 Erase computer and start over 90007 90002 If none of the solutions above resolve your issues, another option is to reinstall the operating system, or you can erase everything and start over. 90003 90002 Erasing everything on your computer and reinstalling the operating system can increase performance by getting rid of old software or drivers. Installing a fresh copy of macOS or Windows, software programs, and the latest drivers help verify there are no software related issues causing your computer to be slow.90003 90006 Hardware issues 90007 90002 Finally, if your computer is still slow after trying the above recommendations, there’s likely a more serious hardware related issue (e.g., failing component). Examples of failing hardware could include the hard drive, CPU, RAM, motherboard, or other components. 90003 90002 You can run hardware diagnostic tests using the Ultimate Boot CD (UBCD) utility. This utility provides information on whether or not your computer has a bad piece of hardware. 90003 90006 Old computer 90007 90002 If your computer is more than five years old, it performs slower than a new one.As more advanced software programs are released, they are optimized to run more efficiently on newer computers. Older computers are not able to run these new programs as well, which causes them to perform more slowly. Furthermore, new so 90003.